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1994 Sino-American conference on Political Development in Africa

摘要撰写人 : TsingHua
浏览次数 : 18  词语: 300   出版日期: 九月 30, 1994
1994Sino-AmericanconferenceonPoliticalDevelo pmentinAfrica1994Sino-AmericanconferenceonP oliticalDevelopmentinAfrica¥LiuYunshen"Sino -AmericanConferenceonPoliticalDevelopmentin Africa"washeldattheresearchcenterofChineseA ssociationforInternationalUnderstanding(CAF IU)afewmonthsago.Attendedthemeetingwere12Ch inesescholarsfromtheresearchcenterofCAFIU,I nstituteofWestAsianandAfricanStudies,CASS,C hineseInstituteofContemporaryStudies,Instit uteofAfro-AsianStudies(theBeijingUniversity )and4fromtheUnitedStates,and1fromKenyaandIf romSouthAfrica.TheConferencereceived15paper s,6fromforeignscholars.Theatmosphereoftheco nferencewasverylively.Theparticipantsexchan gedtheirviewsanddiscussedmattersindepth,dee peningtheirunderstandingofthepoliticaldevel opmentinAfrica.Fromdifferentanglestheconfer enceanalysedthehistory,presentstatutsandpro spectofAfrica'spoliticaldevelopment.1.Histo rcialanalysisofthecurrentsituationofthepoli ticaldevelopmentinAfrica.Inhispaper"TheAfri canColonialStateAndThePostColonialCrisis"Pr ofessorCrowfordYoungfromUniversityofWiscons in-Madison,pointedoutthattheCentury-oldcolo nialrulehadreorderedpoliticalstructure,soci alestatesystemandmodesofeconomicproductiono fthecolonialcountries.Atthetimeofindependen ce,theytotallyinheritedthebureaucraticwayof governmentmanagementleftoverbythecolonialis ts.Therefore."theheartoftheAfricanstatecris isofthe1980sliesinthislethalcombinationofth ecolonialstateheritage."AssistantProfessorw iththeUniversityofTexas,CatherineBoone,wrot einherpaper,thatstatepowerinAfricaisgrounde dinagrarianbases.Thecolonialrulershadsought togovernAfricancountriesdirectlyandindirect lythroughpeasantsocieties.Inpost-colonialpe riod,thenewregimesstillpromotedregimeconsol idationthroughthelocal-levelauthoritles.Inr uralareasandappropriatedagriculturalsurplus eswhichconstrainedtheirwillingnessandcapaci tytopromotetheruraltransformations.Shealsop ointedoutthatwemustnotunderestimatetheinflu enceofthoselocal-levelpeasantauthoritieswhe ndiscussingpoliticaldevelopmentinAfrica.How ever,theweakeningof"thestate"asacentralized bureaucraticapparatustendtoproduce"fracturi ngs"ofoncecentralizedpoliticalmachines.Howt hiswillcomeoutwilllargelydependontherespons eoftheAfricancountriestothesechallenges.2.T herewerealtogether6paperswhichmajoredinther etrospectionandanalysisofpoliticaldevelopme nt,politicalsystemtransformationinAfricaand "multi-partymovement"Somemadegeneralanalysi sofAfricansituations,somestressedonthecause andstatisticsofmulti-partymovementanditsinf luenceonpoliticaldevelopmentinAfrica,andsom estudiedthepatternofAfricanpoliticaldevelop ment.Asforthecauseofmultipartymovement,thes cholars.generallyregardeditastheinternaland externalfactors,buttheyholddifferentopinion sonwhichfactorshonldcomefirst.Somescholarsa rguedthatexternalfactorsincludingtheinfluen ceofthedrasticchangeintheformerSovietUniona ndEasternEuropeandthepressureimposedbyWeste rncountriesweretheprimarycause.Multipartymo vement,theysaid,couldnothaveswepttheAfrican continentinsuchashortperiodoftimewithoutthe externalinfluence.Otherscholarsheldthatinte rnalfactorsweretheprimarycause,andexternalf actorscouldonlyworkthroughtheinternalfactor s.ThefailureoftheoldpoliticalsysteminAfrica ncountrieshadresultedinthedemandforchangean dtransformaThescholarsalsothoughtdifferentl yofmulti-partysystem.Someofthemheldtheopini onthatmulti-partysystemhasbroughtAfricannat ionsturmoilandcivilwars.Among18countriesinc ivilwarintheworld.Africannationsaccountforh alf.Systempromotedpeople'sdemocraticpartici pationandthedevelopmentofAfricanpoliticalsy stemandalsoconstitutesthepreconditionforthe establishmentofnewpoliticalstructure.others cholarsincludingthosefromtheUnitedStateswho wereoptimisticaboutAfricanpoliticaltransfor mation2or3yearsagohavesomewhatchangedtheirv iews.Now,intheiropinion,multi-partydemocrac ymaynotnecessarilyblossominAfrica,andmulti- partysystemdoesnotnecessarilymeandemocracy. InsomeAfricancountries,theshifttomulti-partysystemfromone-partysystemhasresultedfromcompromisebetweendifferentpoliticalgroupings.Multipartysystemcannotrealisepeople'spartic

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